Atmospheric refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light on passing through earth's atmosphere. As we move above the surface of earth, density of air goes on decreasing. Local conditions like temperature etc. also affect the optical density of earth's atmosphere. On account of atmospheric refraction, stars seen appear higher than they actual are; advanced sunrise; delayed sunset, oval appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset; stars twinkle, planets do not.

Atmospheric Refraction and Its Effects, Twinkling of Stars, Advance Sunrise and Delayed Sunset | PadhAiPro

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CASE_STUDIESAtmospheric Refraction and Its EffectsTwinkling of StarsAdvance Sunrise and Delayed SunsetCBSE PYQ4 sub-questions

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What would have been the colour of the sky, if the Earth had no atmosphere ? Give reason to justify your answer.

TextAtmospheric Refraction and Its EffectsBlue Colour of Sky Due to Scattering

Why do stars twinkle?

TextTwinkling of Stars

Explain why the planets do not twinkle.

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The rainbow is an example of the dispersion of sunlight by the water drops in the atmosphere. This is a phenomenon due to combined effect of dispersion refraction and reflection of sunlight by spherical water droplets of rain. The conditions for observing a rainbow are that the sun should be shining in one part of the sky (say near western horizon) while it is raining in the opposite part of the sky (say eastern horizon). An observer can, therefore, see a rainbow only when his back is towards the sun.

CASE_STUDIESDispersion of White Light by PrismAtmospheric Refraction and Its Effects

The colour of clear sky from the earth appears blue but from the space it appears black. Why ?

TextAtmospheric Refraction and Its EffectsBlue Colour of Sky Due to Scattering

Which of the following statement is not correct

MCQ (Single)Dispersion of White Light by PrismAtmospheric Refraction and Its EffectsTyndall Effect