Question

Assertion (A): Chromosomes are composed of DNA and proteins. Reason (R): Chromosomes are visible as thread-like structures in non-dividing cells.

How are chromatin, chromosomes, and genes structurally and functionally related within the nucleus, particularly during cell division?

In brief, explain what happens when the following organelles are removed from a plant cell: (a) Nucleus (b) Cell wall (c) Cell membrane (d) Vacuole (e) Golgi apparatus

Give reason for the following: (a) Meristematic cells possess a prominent nucleus and dense cytoplasm but are devoid of vacuoles. (b) Plants like cacti have thick epidermis. (c) Chewing a pear fruit gives a crunchy and granular sensation. (d) It is challenging to remove the husk from a coconut. (e) Bones are strong and non-flexible.