Question

Benzene is a key compound in organic chemistry and serves as a starting material for synthesizing various derivatives used in industries, such as dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its aromatic nature, benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions like nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation. These reactions involve the replacement of a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring with a functional group. The reactivity of benzene is influenced by the electron density in its pi system, which makes it susceptible to attack by electrophiles.