Question

Assertion: Metals have larger values of Young's modulus than alloys and elastomers. Reason: A material with large value of Young's modulus requires a small force to produce large changes in its length.

The stress-strain curves vary from material to material. These curves help us to understand how a given material deforms with increasing loads. From the graph, we can see that in the region between O to A, the curve is linear. In this region, Hooke's law is obeyed. The body regains its original dimensions when the applied force is removed. In this region, the solid behaves as an elastic body.

The ratio of stress and strain, called modulus of elasticity, is found to be a characteristic of the material. Experimental observation shows that for a given material, the magnitude of the strain produced is same whether the stress is tensile or compressive. The ratio of tensile (or compressive) stress (σ) to the longitudinal strain (ε) is defined as Young's modulus and is denoted by the symbol Y. Y = Stress (σ)/Strain (ε) = (F/A)/(ΔL/L) = F × L/(A × ΔL) Since strain is a dimensionless quantity, the unit of Young's modulus is the same as that of stress i.e., N m-2 or Pascal (Pa)

An Indian rubber cord L metre long and area of cross-section A meter² is suspended vertically. Density of rubber is D kg/m³ and Young's modulus of rubber is E N/m². If the wire extends by l metre under its own weight, then extension l is