Reactants and products coexist at equilibrium, so that the conversion of reactant to products is always less than 100%. Equilibrium reaction may involve the decomposition of a covalent (nonpolar) reactant or ionization of ionic compound into their ions in polar solvents. Ostwald dilution law is the application of the law of mass action to the weak electrolytes in solution. A binary electrolyte AB which dissociates into A+ and B– ions i.e. for every weak electrolyte, Since α <<1 (1 – α) = 1

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CASE_STUDIESEquilibrium Constants Kc and KpIonization Constants of Weak Acids and Weak Bases5 sub-questions