Question

Chromosomes : (i) carry hereditary information from parents to the next generation. (ii) are thread like structures located inside the nucleus of an animal cell. (iii) always exist in pairs in human reproductive cells. (iv) are involved in the process of cell division. The correct statements are :

Mendel worked out the rules of heredity by working on garden pea using a number of visible contrasting characters. He conducted several experiments by making a cross with one or two pairs of contrasting characters of pea plant. On the basis of his observations he gave some interpretations which helped to study the mechanism of inheritance.

In one of Mendalian experiments, when F₁ generation pea plants with round yellow seeds were self-pollinated, pea seeds with the following combinations were obtained in F₂ generation : Seeds: Round yellow - 800, Round green - 275, Wrinkled yellow - 268, Wrinkled green - 90 Analyse the result and describe the mechanism of inheritance of traits which explains the above results.

Mendel crossed pure tall pea plants (TT) with pure short pea plants (tt) and obtained F₁ progeny. When the plants of F₁ progeny were self-pollinated, plants of F₂ progeny were obtained.