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The polarity of C – X bond of alkyl halides is responsible for their nucleophilic substitution, elimination and their reaction with metal atoms to form organometallic compounds. Alkyl halides are prepared by the free radical halogenation of alkanes, addition of halogen acids to alkenes, replacement of – OH group of alcohols with halogens using phosphorus halides, thionyl chloride or halogen acids. Aryl halides are prepared by electrophilic substitution of arenes. Nucleophilic substitution reactions are categorised into SN1 and SN2 on the basis of their kinetic properties. Chirality has a profound role in understanding the SN1 and SN2 mechanism.
Reaction of 1-phenyl-2-chloropropane with alcoholic KOH gives mainly :
An alkyl halide (A) of molecular formula C₆H₁₃Cl on treatment with alcoholic KOH gives two isomeric alkenes (B) and (C) of molecular formula C₆H₁₂. Both alkenes on hydrogenation give 2,3-dimethylbutane. Write the structures of (A), (B) and (C).
Account for the following :
Which of the following reactions are feasible?
Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as main product while AgCN forms isocyanides as the chief product. Explain.
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