Two halves of a silicon crystal (A and B) are doped with arsenic and boron respectively, forming a p-n junction in it. A battery is connected across it as shown in the figure. (a) Will the junction be forward biased or reverse biased ? Give reason. (b) Draw V-I graph for this arrangement.

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CASE_STUDIESp-n Junction Diode and Its CharacteristicsForward Bias and Reverse Bias of p-n Junction DiodeI-V Characteristics of p-n Junction DiodeCBSE PYQ2 sub-questions

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Junction Diode as a Rectifier : The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a rectifier. The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a p-n junction diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it is reverse biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode conducts only when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction diode makes it suitable for its use as a rectifier. Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts only during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A rectifier which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a half-wave rectifier and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as a full-wave rectifier.

CASE_STUDIESp-n Junction Diode and Its CharacteristicsHalf-Wave Rectifier Using DiodeFull-Wave Rectifier Using Diode